Are protein folds atypical?

Protein structures are a very special class among all possible structures. It has been suggested that a "designability principle" plays a crucial role in nature's selection of protein sequences and structures. Here, we provide a theoretical base for such a selection principle, using a simple model of protein folding based on hydrophobic interactions. A structure is reduced to a string of 0s and 1s, which represent the surface and core sites, respectively, as the backbone is traced. Each structure is therefore associated with one point in a high dimensional space. Sequences are represented by strings of their hydrophobicities and thus can be mapped into the same space. A sequence that lies closer to a particular structure in this space than to any other structures will have that structure as its ground state. Atypical structures, namely those far away from other structures in the high dimensional space, have more sequences that fold into them and are thermodynamically more stable. We argue that the most common folds of proteins are the most atypical in the space of possible structures.     

Segmentation of stick text based on sub connected area analysis

A new stick text segmentation method based on the sub connected area analysis is introduced in this paper.The foundation of this method is the sub connected area representation of text image that can represent all connected areas in an image efficiently.This method consists mainly of four steps:sub connected area classification,finding initial boundary following point,finding optimal segmentation point by boundary tracing,and text segmentaton.This method is similar to boundary analysis method but is more efficient than boundary analysis.     

An integrated dual sensor system automatically optimized by target rate histogram

The use of combined sensors and advanced algorithms using different principles can improve rate performance over a single sensor system. Combinations of sensors and more sophisticated algorithms, however, invariably increase the complexity of pacemaker programming. An automatically optimized combined minute ventilation and activity DDDR pacemaker was developed to minimize repeated sensor adjustment. The device used subthreshold (below cardiac stimulation threshold) lead impedance to detect lead configuration at implantation automatically, followed by "implant management," including setting of lead polarity and initiation of DDDR pacing. Automatic sensor adaptation was achieved by programming a "target rate histogram" based on the patient's activity level and frequency of exertion, and the rate profile optimization process matched the recorded integrated sensor response to the target rate histogram profile. In nine patients implanted with the DX2 pacemakers, the implant management gave 100% accuracy in the detection of lead polarity. Rate profile optimization automatically increased the pacing rate during exercise between discharge and 3-month follow-up (hall walk: 78 +/- 3 vs 98 +/- 3 beats/min, and maximal treadmill exercise: 89 +/- 6 vs 115 +/- 5 beats/min, P < 0.001) with a significant increase in exercise duration during maximal exercise (7.18 +/- 1 min vs 9.56 +/- 2 min, P = 0.05). The accuracy of rate profile optimization versus manual programming was assessed at 1 month, and there was no significant difference between pacing rate kinetics and maximal pacing rate between the two methods of programming. In conclusion, pacemaker automaticity can be initiated at implantation and the self-optimized rate adaptive response appeared to be comparable to that derived from a manual programming procedure, which may reduce the need to perform time consuming sensor programming.     

Mast cells mediate acute inflammatory responses to implanted biomaterials

Implanted biomaterials trigger acute and chronic inflammatory responses. The mechanisms involved in such acute inflammatory responses can be arbitrarily divided into phagocyte transmigration, chemotaxis, and adhesion to implant surfaces. We earlier observed that two chemokines-macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1-and the phagocyte integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18)/surface fibrinogen interaction are, respectively, required for phagocyte chemotaxis and adherence to biomaterial surfaces. However, it is still not clear how the initial transmigration of phagocytes through the endothelial barrier into the area of the implant is triggered. Because implanted biomaterials elicit histaminic responses in the surrounding tissue, and histamine release is known to promote rapid diapedesis of inflammatory cells, we evaluated the possible role of histamine and mast cells in the recruitment of phagocytes to biomaterial implants. Using i.p. and s. c. implantation of polyethylene terephthalate disks in mice we find: (i) Extensive degranulation of mast cells, accompanied by histamine release, occurs adjacent to short-term i.p. implants. (ii) Simultaneous administration of H1 and H2 histamine receptor antagonists (pyrilamine and famotidine, respectively) greatly diminishes recruitment and adhesion of both neutrophils (<20% of control) and monocytes/macrophages (<30% of control) to implants. (iii) Congenitally mast cell-deficient mice also exhibit markedly reduced accumulation of phagocytes on both i.p. and s.c implants. (iv) Finally, mast cell reconstitution of mast cell-deficient mice restores "normal" inflammatory responses to biomaterial implants. We conclude that mast cells and their granular products, especially histamine, are important in recruitment of inflammatory cells to biomaterial implants. Improved knowledge of such responses may permit purposeful modulation of both acute and chronic inflammation affecting implanted biomaterials.     

基于知识的水泥厂物质管理DSS的实现

简要介绍了决策支持系统的现状,并就一个基于某中型水泥厂的物资管理决策支持系统进行了讨论。该系统已投入实际运行,并取得了良好的效益。     

用边界轮廓法求解断裂力学L积分

证明断裂力学Ｌ积分方程的被积函数的散度等于零,将面积分转化为线积分,使求解问题的维数降低两维。利用边界轮廓法的结果,使平面断裂问题Ｌ积分的求解转化为边界点的位移和面力线性迭加,避免了求解数值积分。     

紫外线光照胶辊的工艺优化

以紫外线处理的三个光照工艺参数（时间、温度、距离）为因子,以纺纱质量和抗绕性能为指标,采用二次通用旋转组合设计试验和随机方向搜索法,求得最优工艺参数和各指标的等高线,讨论了各因子与指标的关系,提出了光照处理的基本原则。     

快速凝固 Al-Fe 合金中准晶相的研究

在快速凝固Ａｌ－Ｆｅ－Ｖ－Ｓｉ合金棒材中发现了１种圆形准晶相,尺寸为０２～０５μｍ,成分为Ａｌ－８０ａｔ％Ｆｅ－２．１ａｔ％Ｖ－３．２ａｔ％Ｓｉ。对此准晶进行了透射电镜、Ｘ－光衍射结构分析,并对准晶的形成机制进行了讨论。     

J557GR 高韧性焊条的研制及应用

研究了碱性焊条工艺性的影响因素,探讨了焊缝金属的含氢量、焊条药皮的吸湿性、焊缝金属的强韧化特性等。在此基础上研制了高韧性、超低氢及操作工艺性优良的、适用于屈服极限为４００～４５０Ｎ／ｍｍ２级的低合金钢用Ｊ５５７ＧＲ高韧性焊条。